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The 2005 World Summit, 14–16 September 2005, was a follow-up summit meeting to the United Nations' 2000 Millennium Summit, which led to the Millennium Declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Representatives (including many leaders) of the then 191 (now 193) member states met in New York City for what the United Nations described as "a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take bold decisions in the areas of development, security, human rights and reform of the United Nations."〔(The 2005 World Summit: An overview ) (PDF) United Nations website〕 ==Summit== The summit was billed as the "largest gathering of world leaders in history," and featured appearances of numerous heads of state and heads of government. The majority of those present addressed the U. N. General Assembly, and gave speeches reflecting on the U. N.'s past successes and future challenges. All 191 of the then member states gave an address in some form- if the head of state or government was not present the nation's foreign minister, vice president, or Deputy Prime Minister usually sufficed. The meetings were presided over by the Prime Minister of Sweden, Göran Persson, since Swedish Jan Eliasson was President of the 60th UN General Assembly. Negotiations for the World Summit Outcome Document had been carefully hammered out under the watchful eye of the President of the 59th UNGA, Mr. Jean Ping of Gabon.〔Alex Bellamy, Global Politics and The Responsibility to Protect: From Words to Deeds (Routledge: New York) 2010〕 The pre-summit negotiations were blown sharply off course by the appearance in early August at the U. N. of United States Ambassador to the U. N. John Bolton, appointed as a recess appointment by U.S. President George W. Bush. The position had been vacant since January, with responsibilities handled by professional U.S. diplomats. Bolton swiftly issued a list of new demands () (including dropping the use of the words "Millennium Development Goals"), which days before the summit had still not been settled. Some observers contended that on the eve of the summit the U.S. struck a more conciliatory tone than expected,〔 Howard LaFranchi (At U.N., Bolton Softens His Tone Controversial U.S. Ambassador Taking More Conciliatory Approach ) CBS News September 12, 2005 (originally published in the Christian Science Monitor)〕 something partly credited as a consequence of the outpouring of international support for the U.S. after Hurricane Katrina. As well as discussing progress on the Millennium Development Goals and re-iterating the world's commitment to them, the summit was convened to address the possible reform of the United Nations; much of this was eventually postponed to a later date. An exception was the endorsement of the "responsibility to protect" (known by the acronyms RtoP and R2P), a formulation of the "right of humanitarian intervention" developed by a U.N. commission〔(Annan calls for endorsement of Responsibility to Protect ) Human Security Policy Division, Human Security and Human Rights Bureau Foreign Affairs Canada〕 and proposed by Kofi Annan as part of his ''In Larger Freedom''〔(In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all ). Report of the Secretary-General. Prepared by the UN Web Services Section Department of Public Information in 2005.〕 reform package. The "Responsibility to Protect" gives the world community the right to intervene in the case of "national authorities manifestly failing to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity". There was also broad agreement at the summit to set up a new Human Rights Council. During the summit, the United Nations Convention Against Corruption received its thirtieth ratification, and as a result entered into force in December 2005. The inaugural session of the Clinton Global Initiative was held in New York City to coincide with the 2005 World Summit, and attracted many of the same world leaders. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2005 World Summit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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